A quick tutorial
ATTACH
The attach command is used to connect multiple Novell servers. Use this command when you've already attached to one server and wish to attach to a separate server
attach (server)(\user)
If you fail to provide these arguments, you will be prompted for them.
CAPTURE
The Capture command is used to 'capture' printers from a network resource.(This is similar to the "Capture Printer Port" on Windows machines.)
capture (Arguments)
Local = Capture and reassign and local port
S(Server) = File server the data should be sent to.
J(Job) = Specify the print job configuration to use.
P(Printer) = Specify the Printer number on the server.
Q(Queue) = Printer queue for job to be sent to.
C(Copies) = Number of copies to print
Nam (Name) = Username to appear on the print job
B(banner) = Specify text for the banner page. (if you haven't disabled banners)
NB(No banner) = Specify not to print a banner page.
CR = Print to file instead of Printer (Specify file name)
CASTOFF
The Castoff command disables broadcast messages to the local machine.
castoff
CASTON
The Caston command enables broadcast messages to the local machine.
caston
CHKVOL
This command is used to view information about specified server volumes.
chkvol (path to volume)
ENDCAP
Endcap ends the capture of resource that has been specified with the "capture" command.
endcap L=(LPTx)
FLAG
Flag is used to set the attributes of a file or directory:
flag (path | option)
S = Mark file as shareable.
NS = Mark file as Non Shareable.
RO = Mark file as Read Only
RW = Mark file as Read Write
N = Mark file as Non Shareable and Read Write
I = Mark file as Indexed
FLAGDIR
Use this command to specify Directory attributes
flagdir (path | option)
N = Normal. Cancels any other directory attributes.
H = Hidden.Directory will not appear in directory searches
S = System. Indicates system function folder.
P = Private. Specifies the folder to be private and not viewable with searches.
(Sub directories can be specified directly though.)
GRANT
The Grant command is used to set file permissions to specified users and groups. (Sort of like cacls in Windows NT.)
grant (option) (path) USER / GROUP {user/group}
R(read) = grant read access
W(write) = grant write access
C(create) = grant create access
D(delete) = grant delete access
S(search) = grant search access
M(modify) = grant modify access
A(all) = grant all access
NO RIGHTS = grant no access
HOLDON
The holdon command is used to put set any files that you're accessing into a 'read-only' state for any other users that attempt to access it.
holdon
The command needs no arguments as its holds are files that you are currently working in.
HOLDOFF
The holdoff command disables the effect of the holdon command and allows users access to the 'hold' files again. (Don't forget to holdoff files when you're done using them. This has been a common issue that I've seen in the past - especially in the case of multiple administrators that do not communicate often.)
LISTDIR
Listdir is used to view the subdirectories of a specified directory. This may seem somewhat pointless, but it can be used with the /R argument to retrieve data for migrating between servers.
listdir {path} {options}
/S(subdirectories) = View recursive subdirectories
/R(rights) = Views the user and group rights of directories
/A(all) = View all directory information
LOGIN
Use Login in user login scripts to attach to other Novell servers (aside from the default server). This command is common in larger networks where there may be several separate novell server groups.
login (server)/(user)
LOGOUT
Logout is the termination of the above login command. Use this to disconnect from a given server resource.
logout (server)
MAP
Map is the other most common login script command. This command is used to map network drives and to view current network mappings.
map (drive) (path)
NCOPY
Ncopy is used to copy files both locally and on network drives. Ncopy can also be used to copy Macintosh files on Novell.
ncopy (path) TO (Drive / path)
NDIR
Ndir is a wholly powerful directory information command. In most NOS' the directory listing command must be 'piped' into another parsing or sorting command to customize the output. Ndir has most of the functions that you could require from the get go.
NDIR (path) | (option=filename) or (filename)
Filename(not) = List all files related to filename
(not) - List all files not related to filename.
Owner(not) = List all files related to owner
(not) - List all files not related to owner.
Access (not) Bef/Aft MM-DD-YY = List all files that were accessed Before or
After Specified date
(not) List all files that were not accessed
Before or After Specified date
Update (not) Bef/Aft MM-DD-YY = List all files that were updated Before or
After Specified date
(not) List all files that were not updated
Before or After Specified date
Create (not) Bef/Aft MM-DD-YY = List all files that were created Before or
After Specified date
(not) List all files that were not created
Before or After Specified date
Size (not) GR/LE (size) = List all files that are greater than or less
than specified size.
(not) List all files that are not greater than
or less than specified size.
(reverse)sort filename = Sort listing on filename in alphabetical order.
(reverse) Sort listing on filename in reverse alphabetical order
(reverse)sort owner = Sort listing on owner in alphabetical order.
(reverse) Sort listing on owner in reverse
alphabetical order
(reverse)sort access = Sort listing on access date in chronological order.
(reverse) Sort listing on access date in reverse
chronological order
(reverse)sort update = Sort listing on update date in chronological order.
(reverse) Sort listing on update date in reverse
chronological order
(reverse)sort creation = Sort listing on creation date in chronological order.
(reverse) Sort listing on creation date in
reverse chronological order
(reverse)sort size = Sort listing on size in descending order.
(reverse) Sort listing on size in ascending order
(not)SY = List all files with 'system file' attribute
(not) List all files without 'system file' attribute.
(not)H = List all files with 'hidden' attribute
(not) List all files without 'hidden' attribute.
(not)M = List all files with 'modified' attribute
(not) List all files without 'modified' attribute.
(not)RO = List all files with 'Read Only' attribute
(not) List all files without 'read only' attribute.
(not)RW = List all files with 'read write' attribute
(not) List all files without 'read write' attribute.
(not)I = List all files with 'indexed; attribute
(not) List all files without 'indexed' attribute.
(not)T = List all files with 'transactional file' attribute
(not) List all files without 'transactional
file' attribute.
In all honesty, the NDIR command is so functional that an entire article could be written on it alone! We've covered some of the basics here, but be sure to try 'NDIR help' for even more functionality!
NPRINT
The Nprint command enables a print job to be submitted to any printer, any queue and any server you can see more of the applied power of this command in it's option settings.
Nprint path\file (option)
S(Server) = Specify server to print too
J(Job) = Specify job name of print job
P(Printer) = Specify printer to print to
Q(Queue) = Specify Queue to submit job to.
C(Copies) = Specify Number of copies to print.
(Up to 255.)
NAM(Name) = Specify Name to appear on banner page
B(Banner) = Specify text for banner page.
Defaults to filename
NB(No Banner) = Specify not to print banner page.
(I bet most of the searches made on the
internet for Novell commands are searching
for this. ;) )
D(Delete) = Delete file after printing it
NVER
The nver command is used to determine the versions that you're running. Try it an see!
Never
PSTAT
Use pstat to obtain information about the printers attached to a given server or about to the server itself
Pstat S=(server)
Pstat P=(printer)
PURGE
One of the greatest features of Novell as a server is the fact that it more or less has server-wide file deletion. When files are deleted, they are not actually deleted, just removed from the user / admin's perception. The files are stored in a separate location where they can be later recovered using the salvage command.
This functionality means that additional disk space is required and occasionally it is nessacery to remove these stored files. This is what purge does.
purge
REMOVE
The remove command is used to either remove a user from a group or a user or group from exisitence
Remove (user/group) (group)
REVOKE
The revoke function is used to remove a user/group's rights to a specified resource, such as a file or a directory.
Revoke (option) FROM (user) (group)
D(Delete) = Delete file after printing it
R(Read) = Revoke the Read right
W(Write) = Revoke the Write right
O(Open) = Revoke the Open right
C(Create) = Revoke the Create right
D(Delete) = Revoke the Delete right
S(Search) = Revoke the Search right
M(Modify) = Revoke the Modify right
ALL = Revoke the All rights
SALVAGE
The salvage command restores files or directories that have been accidentally erased. Note that this WILL NOT work if you've run the PURGE command since the files were erased. Also note that this should be done from the same location that the file was erased from.
Salvage (path)
SEND
Send is used to send messages to users our groups. This is particularly useful in the event of a system reboot, where it's helps to alert the users as to the planned outage.
SEND ("message") TO (USER/GROUP) (Username)
As in
SEND "The Server is going down" TO USER paul
SETPASS
Setpass is used to set the password on a specific server. This is particularly useful in networks with separate Novell Servers and Users that need to access both. Some minor scripting and the password changes can be synced.
SETPASS (server)
SLIST
Slist is used to obtain a list of Novell File Servers running on your network.
SLIST (servername/*)
SMODE
Smode is used to reassign a search mode to executable files, or to view the current search mode assigned to executable files. (Search mode means the path that the executable is restricted to look for data files in):
SMODE (path/file) (search mode)
As in
SMODE default.exe 5
(Search Mode 5 searches all open paths.)
SMODE is really a more complex command and you rarely will have to use it. (But at least you know that you can alter the search mode ;) )
SYSTIME
Use Systime to check the day, date or time on any fileserver on the network, or to synchronize any workstation with the server.
SYSTIME (servername)
TLIST
Tlist is used to view the access rights user/ group trustees
TLIST (file) (users/groups)
USERLIST
The Userlist command is a handy way to see the users logged into another server on the network (obviously, on console you could just use conman). Userlist will display the connection number, user name and login time of each user on the specified server unless the /all switch is used, where the network and node information will be included as well
USERLIST (SERVER) (/ALL)
ATTACH
The attach command is used to connect multiple Novell servers. Use this command when you've already attached to one server and wish to attach to a separate server
attach (server)(\user)
If you fail to provide these arguments, you will be prompted for them.
CAPTURE
The Capture command is used to 'capture' printers from a network resource.(This is similar to the "Capture Printer Port" on Windows machines.)
capture (Arguments)
Local = Capture and reassign and local port
S(Server) = File server the data should be sent to.
J(Job) = Specify the print job configuration to use.
P(Printer) = Specify the Printer number on the server.
Q(Queue) = Printer queue for job to be sent to.
C(Copies) = Number of copies to print
Nam (Name) = Username to appear on the print job
B(banner) = Specify text for the banner page. (if you haven't disabled banners)
NB(No banner) = Specify not to print a banner page.
CR = Print to file instead of Printer (Specify file name)
CASTOFF
The Castoff command disables broadcast messages to the local machine.
castoff
CASTON
The Caston command enables broadcast messages to the local machine.
caston
CHKVOL
This command is used to view information about specified server volumes.
chkvol (path to volume)
ENDCAP
Endcap ends the capture of resource that has been specified with the "capture" command.
endcap L=(LPTx)
FLAG
Flag is used to set the attributes of a file or directory:
flag (path | option)
S = Mark file as shareable.
NS = Mark file as Non Shareable.
RO = Mark file as Read Only
RW = Mark file as Read Write
N = Mark file as Non Shareable and Read Write
I = Mark file as Indexed
FLAGDIR
Use this command to specify Directory attributes
flagdir (path | option)
N = Normal. Cancels any other directory attributes.
H = Hidden.Directory will not appear in directory searches
S = System. Indicates system function folder.
P = Private. Specifies the folder to be private and not viewable with searches.
(Sub directories can be specified directly though.)
GRANT
The Grant command is used to set file permissions to specified users and groups. (Sort of like cacls in Windows NT.)
grant (option) (path) USER / GROUP {user/group}
R(read) = grant read access
W(write) = grant write access
C(create) = grant create access
D(delete) = grant delete access
S(search) = grant search access
M(modify) = grant modify access
A(all) = grant all access
NO RIGHTS = grant no access
HOLDON
The holdon command is used to put set any files that you're accessing into a 'read-only' state for any other users that attempt to access it.
holdon
The command needs no arguments as its holds are files that you are currently working in.
HOLDOFF
The holdoff command disables the effect of the holdon command and allows users access to the 'hold' files again. (Don't forget to holdoff files when you're done using them. This has been a common issue that I've seen in the past - especially in the case of multiple administrators that do not communicate often.)
LISTDIR
Listdir is used to view the subdirectories of a specified directory. This may seem somewhat pointless, but it can be used with the /R argument to retrieve data for migrating between servers.
listdir {path} {options}
/S(subdirectories) = View recursive subdirectories
/R(rights) = Views the user and group rights of directories
/A(all) = View all directory information
LOGIN
Use Login in user login scripts to attach to other Novell servers (aside from the default server). This command is common in larger networks where there may be several separate novell server groups.
login (server)/(user)
LOGOUT
Logout is the termination of the above login command. Use this to disconnect from a given server resource.
logout (server)
MAP
Map is the other most common login script command. This command is used to map network drives and to view current network mappings.
map (drive) (path)
NCOPY
Ncopy is used to copy files both locally and on network drives. Ncopy can also be used to copy Macintosh files on Novell.
ncopy (path) TO (Drive / path)
NDIR
Ndir is a wholly powerful directory information command. In most NOS' the directory listing command must be 'piped' into another parsing or sorting command to customize the output. Ndir has most of the functions that you could require from the get go.
NDIR (path) | (option=filename) or (filename)
Filename(not) = List all files related to filename
(not) - List all files not related to filename.
Owner(not) = List all files related to owner
(not) - List all files not related to owner.
Access (not) Bef/Aft MM-DD-YY = List all files that were accessed Before or
After Specified date
(not) List all files that were not accessed
Before or After Specified date
Update (not) Bef/Aft MM-DD-YY = List all files that were updated Before or
After Specified date
(not) List all files that were not updated
Before or After Specified date
Create (not) Bef/Aft MM-DD-YY = List all files that were created Before or
After Specified date
(not) List all files that were not created
Before or After Specified date
Size (not) GR/LE (size) = List all files that are greater than or less
than specified size.
(not) List all files that are not greater than
or less than specified size.
(reverse)sort filename = Sort listing on filename in alphabetical order.
(reverse) Sort listing on filename in reverse alphabetical order
(reverse)sort owner = Sort listing on owner in alphabetical order.
(reverse) Sort listing on owner in reverse
alphabetical order
(reverse)sort access = Sort listing on access date in chronological order.
(reverse) Sort listing on access date in reverse
chronological order
(reverse)sort update = Sort listing on update date in chronological order.
(reverse) Sort listing on update date in reverse
chronological order
(reverse)sort creation = Sort listing on creation date in chronological order.
(reverse) Sort listing on creation date in
reverse chronological order
(reverse)sort size = Sort listing on size in descending order.
(reverse) Sort listing on size in ascending order
(not)SY = List all files with 'system file' attribute
(not) List all files without 'system file' attribute.
(not)H = List all files with 'hidden' attribute
(not) List all files without 'hidden' attribute.
(not)M = List all files with 'modified' attribute
(not) List all files without 'modified' attribute.
(not)RO = List all files with 'Read Only' attribute
(not) List all files without 'read only' attribute.
(not)RW = List all files with 'read write' attribute
(not) List all files without 'read write' attribute.
(not)I = List all files with 'indexed; attribute
(not) List all files without 'indexed' attribute.
(not)T = List all files with 'transactional file' attribute
(not) List all files without 'transactional
file' attribute.
In all honesty, the NDIR command is so functional that an entire article could be written on it alone! We've covered some of the basics here, but be sure to try 'NDIR help' for even more functionality!
NPRINT
The Nprint command enables a print job to be submitted to any printer, any queue and any server you can see more of the applied power of this command in it's option settings.
Nprint path\file (option)
S(Server) = Specify server to print too
J(Job) = Specify job name of print job
P(Printer) = Specify printer to print to
Q(Queue) = Specify Queue to submit job to.
C(Copies) = Specify Number of copies to print.
(Up to 255.)
NAM(Name) = Specify Name to appear on banner page
B(Banner) = Specify text for banner page.
Defaults to filename
NB(No Banner) = Specify not to print banner page.
(I bet most of the searches made on the
internet for Novell commands are searching
for this. ;) )
D(Delete) = Delete file after printing it
NVER
The nver command is used to determine the versions that you're running. Try it an see!
Never
PSTAT
Use pstat to obtain information about the printers attached to a given server or about to the server itself
Pstat S=(server)
Pstat P=(printer)
PURGE
One of the greatest features of Novell as a server is the fact that it more or less has server-wide file deletion. When files are deleted, they are not actually deleted, just removed from the user / admin's perception. The files are stored in a separate location where they can be later recovered using the salvage command.
This functionality means that additional disk space is required and occasionally it is nessacery to remove these stored files. This is what purge does.
purge
REMOVE
The remove command is used to either remove a user from a group or a user or group from exisitence
Remove (user/group) (group)
REVOKE
The revoke function is used to remove a user/group's rights to a specified resource, such as a file or a directory.
Revoke (option) FROM (user) (group)
D(Delete) = Delete file after printing it
R(Read) = Revoke the Read right
W(Write) = Revoke the Write right
O(Open) = Revoke the Open right
C(Create) = Revoke the Create right
D(Delete) = Revoke the Delete right
S(Search) = Revoke the Search right
M(Modify) = Revoke the Modify right
ALL = Revoke the All rights
SALVAGE
The salvage command restores files or directories that have been accidentally erased. Note that this WILL NOT work if you've run the PURGE command since the files were erased. Also note that this should be done from the same location that the file was erased from.
Salvage (path)
SEND
Send is used to send messages to users our groups. This is particularly useful in the event of a system reboot, where it's helps to alert the users as to the planned outage.
SEND ("message") TO (USER/GROUP) (Username)
As in
SEND "The Server is going down" TO USER paul
SETPASS
Setpass is used to set the password on a specific server. This is particularly useful in networks with separate Novell Servers and Users that need to access both. Some minor scripting and the password changes can be synced.
SETPASS (server)
SLIST
Slist is used to obtain a list of Novell File Servers running on your network.
SLIST (servername/*)
SMODE
Smode is used to reassign a search mode to executable files, or to view the current search mode assigned to executable files. (Search mode means the path that the executable is restricted to look for data files in):
SMODE (path/file) (search mode)
As in
SMODE default.exe 5
(Search Mode 5 searches all open paths.)
SMODE is really a more complex command and you rarely will have to use it. (But at least you know that you can alter the search mode ;) )
SYSTIME
Use Systime to check the day, date or time on any fileserver on the network, or to synchronize any workstation with the server.
SYSTIME (servername)
TLIST
Tlist is used to view the access rights user/ group trustees
TLIST (file) (users/groups)
USERLIST
The Userlist command is a handy way to see the users logged into another server on the network (obviously, on console you could just use conman). Userlist will display the connection number, user name and login time of each user on the specified server unless the /all switch is used, where the network and node information will be included as well
USERLIST (SERVER) (/ALL)
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