Click

Explaining about Robots text

Robots text

A robots.txt file tells search engine crawlers which URLs the crawler can access on your site. This is used mainly to avoid overloading your site with requests; it is not a mechanism for keeping a web page out of Google. To keep a web page out of Google, block indexing with noindex or password-protect the page.

A robots.txt file is used primarily to manage crawler traffic to your site, and usually to keep a file off Google, depending on the file type:

The best robots.txt for Blogger depends on your specific goals and preferences. However, here are some common approaches:

Allow all crawling:

User-agent: *
Allow: /

This allows all search engines to crawl all pages on your Blogger blog.

Disallow specific directories:

User-agent: *
Disallow: /search
Disallow: /20*
Disallow: /feeds

This prevents search engines from crawling pages in the "search", "20*", and "feeds" directories.

Allow only HTML pages:

User-agent: *
Disallow: /
Allow: /*.html

This allows search engines to crawl only pages with a ".html" extension.

Completely block crawling:

User-agent: *
Disallow: /

This prevents all search engines from crawling any pages on your Blogger blog.

Additional considerations:

  • If you have a specific page or directory that you want to exclude from search engine indexing, you can add a "Disallow" rule for that page or directory.
  • If you have a sitemap, you can include the URL of your sitemap in your robots.txt file to help search engines find and index your content more efficiently.
  • You can use a tool like Google Search Console to test your robots.txt file and see how it is affecting your website's visibility in search results.

Ultimately, the best robots.txt for your Blogger blog will depend on your specific needs and goals. Experiment with different configurations to find the one that works best for you.


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How to Use ImportExportTools NG in Thunderbird?


ImportExportTools is a handy add-on for Thunderbird that lets you easily move your emails, contacts, and other data between different accounts or even different email programs.

Thunderbird: Personalize Your Email

Fireplace is a powerful, open source email Client with features more than just sending and receiving messages. As a frontline product, it has both useful functions like stability as well easy using feel to make sure you just push this side button in settings and 'Fireplace' is your mail Client!Should you prefer a Web front end there's even built-in support so that capabilities can be called upon by any page from local URL or other server; one such example being customized logon welcome pages.

E-mail: send and receive emails, organize them efficiently.

Newsgroup and Feed Reader: stay updated on the latest news and discussions in your favorite blogs.

Calendar: manage your schedule with reminders to keep you on track.

Instant Messaging: talk with friends, colleagues.

Customization: choose from many themes and extensions that will make Thunderbird uniquely yours.

Cross-platform Compatibility: Thunderbird runs on Windows 2000/XP/2003, Linux, Mac OS X and even FreeBSD.Now that almost everyone has more than one device (work laptop, home desktop PC with monitor plus notebook), the meaning of "personal" for PCs changes. Windows actually will denote only one type, desktop or laptop.

Community-Driven Development:

Thunderbird is developed by a global community of volunteers. this community-driven access ensures that the software system is perpetually evolving and encounter the necessarily of its Operators

security and privacy:

as associate in nursing open-source cast thunderbird is clear and good. It's regularly updated with security patches to protect your Information.

In essence Thunderbird is a powerful and flexible email Customer that can be Adjusted to suit your unique workflow. whether you're amp light exploiter or amp force exploiter thunderbird has entity to bid


Here's a simplified guide on how to install and use it:


1. Download ImportExportTools:

  • Open Thunderbird.
  • Go to Tools > Add-ons.
  • Search for "ImportExportTools NG".
  • Click Install.

2. Import Data:

  • Go to Tools > ImportExportTools.
  • Choose the type of data you want to import (e.g., emails, contacts).
  • Select the source (e.g., another email account, a file).
  • Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the import.

3. Export Data:

  • Go to Tools > ImportExportTools.
  • Choose the type of data you want to export.
  • Select the destination (e.g., another email account, a file).
  • Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the export.

That's it! With ImportExportTools, you can easily transfer your data between different Thunderbird accounts or even export it to a file for backup purposes.


ImportExportTools offers several options to manage your email data. Here's a breakdown:

Export Options

  • Export All Folders: Saves all your folders (Inbox, Drafts, Trash, etc.) as individual MBOX files.
  • Export All Folders (without disturbing structure): Saves all folders while preserving their original hierarchy.
  • Search and Export: Lets you export specific emails based on search criteria.

Import Option

  • Import MBOX File: Imports an MBOX file into your Thunderbird account.

Other Options

  • Copy folder path on disk: Copies the location of the MBOX file to your clipboard.
  • Open directory to locate folder file: Opens the folder where your MBOX files are saved.


Export Options

  • Export Folder: Saves a specific folder (and its subfolders) as an MBOX file.
  • Export Folder (zipped): Saves the exported folder as a compressed ZIP file.
  • Export folder and subfolder without disturbing structure: Exports folders and subfolders while preserving their original hierarchy.
  • Export all messages in the folder: Exports individual emails in various formats (EML, HTML, Plain Text, etc.).
  • Search and Export: Exports emails based on specific search criteria.

Import Options

  • Import MBOX File: Imports an MBOX file into your Thunderbird account.
  • Import all messages from directory: Imports all emails in a directory (and its subdirectories).

Other Options

  • Copy folder path on disk: Copies the location of the MBOX file to your clipboard.
  • Open directory to find the folder file: Opens the folder where your MBOX files are saved.

Using ImportExportTools NG to Import MBOX File




1. Choose the Right Account:

  • Make sure you're using a POP account or Local Folders for your Thunderbird account. IMAP accounts don't directly support MBOX imports.

2. Open ImportExportTools:

  • Go to Tools > ImportExportTools.

3. Select Import MBOX File:

  • Choose the Import MBOX File option.

4. Locate the MBOX File:

  • Browse to the location where your MBOX file is saved.
  • Select the file and click Open.

5. Choose Import Options:

  • You may have options to choose where to import the messages (e.g., a specific folder).
  • Select your preferences.

6. Start the Import:

  • Click OK or Import to begin the process.

Using ImportExportTools NG to Export Mailbox Folder




Here's a simplified guide to exporting emails in Thunderbird using ImportExportTools NG:

  1. Choose the Folder:

    • Select the folder you want to export (e.g., Inbox, Sent, Drafts).

  2. Open ImportExportTools:

    • Right-click on the folder and choose ImportExportTools NG.

  3. Select Export Folder:

    • Choose the Export Folder option.

  4. Choose Export Destination:

    • Select where you want to save the exported MBOX file.

  5. Start Export:

    • Click OK or Export to begin the process.
Please feel free to ask any questions you may have. I'm here to assist you.
If you prefer to communicate via email, you can send your questions to email protected
Let's get started!









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Shutdown or Restart Ubuntu

Ubuntu commands to restart or shutdown the server 

1. Ubuntu Reboot command

Ubuntu Linux terminal we can run to restart it is “Reboot“.  

This command can be used with or without sudo,

however, if some Admin process is not allowing you to restart the computer then it is recommended to use sudo with the command.

    Sudo reboot

The system will prompt you to enter the current user password to initiate the reboot command.

2. Sudo Shutdown Command

“shutdown” command with the -r option. It will properly first shut down the computer and then restart the same because we have used the -r option with it.

The syntax to use is here:

    sudo shutdown -r now

3. REISUB Sequence (Emergency Restart)

If your Ubuntu system is not responding properly then the REISUB sequence is quite handy to safely start it. In this method, we have to type REISUB in our command terminal in the same sequence it is written while holding ALT and Print screen keys.

So, on your computer open the command terminal and then press the left-side Alt key and then Print Screen or SysRq keys on your Keyboard. After that type REEISUB sequence letters this will immediately restart your computer.

Let’s also learn what the letter of the REISUB command means.

    R: Switch the keyboard from raw mode to XLATE mode.

    E: Send the SIGTERM signal to terminate all processes except init.

    I: Send the SIGKILL signal to kill all processes except init.

    S: Sync all mounted filesystems to reduce the risk of data loss.

    U: Remount all filesystems in read-only mode.

    B: Immediately reboot the system.

4. Sudo Power- Off commands

Although the above command examples are enough to restart Ubuntu Linux, however those who just want to shut down their PC can use “power0ff“. 

Note: it will not restart your computer only shut down.

It is not only easy to remember but also to use.

    sudo poweroff

That’s it, your system will turn itself off immediately after running the above command.

If the previous command is not what you want then there is another one – “HALT“. 

It also works the same as the previous one.

Let’s know how to use it: You just need to type halt along with sudo.

    sudo halt

Well, the above command will immediately shut all processes which could sometimes cause data loss of currently running software. 

So, to shut down everything properly we will use -p option that refers to Power off. If we don’t use this option then the command stops the CPU process at once instead of stopping them gracefully.

    sudo halt -p


in addition I have add these thing for your easy reference 

Shutdown System at a Specific Time

You can use time argument with shutdown command to (in two different formats – hh:mm and relative time format +m where m is the number of minutes from now).

The following example will schedule system shutdown at 10 A.M (note that the system clock follows 24 hour format):

    sudo shutdown 10:00

To shutdown the system after 10 minutes from the current time (now), use the following command:

    sudo shutdown +10

+10 is the minutes after which you want the system to shutdown.


Shutdown System Immediately

To shut down the system immediately use +0 or its alias now with shutdown command. Look below for the command usage example:

    sudo shutdown +0

or

    sudo shutdown now


Broadcast a Custom Message for Shutdown

You can broadcast a custom message to let people know that system is going to shutdown.

    $ sudo shutdown -h +5 "System will shutdown. Please save your work."


Automatically Schedule Ubuntu System Shutdown

To schedule system shutdown using terminal, use the following command format:

    shutdown -h (time in minutes)

If you want to shutdown the system in next 90 minutes, run:

    shutdown -90

To cancel shutdown command, type the following command:

    shutdown -c

Restart

The shutdown command can be used to restart a system with the r option instead of the h option. Usage is same as before. Just replace the h option with r option.

$ sudo shutdown -r +5 "System will shutdown in 5 minutes. Please save your work."



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password not recognized

While operating in a network environment
Occasionally unable to log in to share folders
as stated
The shared folder password is not accepted as legitimate credentials. 

so that we may do the easy actions listed below to get it to function again.

open the registry edit and find the below key

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa


In the left pane of this registry location, highlight the Lsa key and come to its right pane. 

Then, right click in blank space and select 

New -> DWORD Value. Give the newly created DWORD (REG_DWORD) as LmCompatibilityLevel name double click on it to get this:

Logon-Failure-While-Joining-2


after that 

In the above shown Edit DWORD Value box, 

put the Value data equals to 

Click OK. 

You can now close Registry Editor and reboot the machine. 

After restarting your computer, 


you’ll be easily able to join the shared system.


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Word to PDF Convertor

 A Word document may be easily converted to a PDF file

However, what happens if you need to convert a ton of Word files into PDFs? It will take a long time to open every file by hand and save it to PDF. 

You may quickly and easily convert large amounts of Word to PDF with the help of this method. And without utilizing any outside tools either. Ms. Word is all you need.

Copy the following code into Notepad or Notepad++, then save the file as "PDF.js" in a folder


var obj = new ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject");

var docPath = WScript.Arguments(0);

docPath = obj.GetAbsolutePathName(docPath);


var pdfPath = docPath.replace(/\.doc[^.]*$/, ".pdf");

var objWord = null;


try

{

    objWord = new ActiveXObject("Word.Application");

    objWord.Visible = false;


    var objDoc = objWord.Documents.Open(docPath);


    var format = 17;

    objDoc.SaveAs(pdfPath, format);

    objDoc.Close();


    WScript.Echo("Saving '" + docPath + "' as '" + pdfPath + "'...");

}

finally

{

    if (objWord != null)

    {

        objWord.Quit();

    }

}


Copy the following code into Notepad or Notepad++ after opening it. Save the file in the same folder with the ".bat" extension, such as "PDF.bat."


echo off

for %%X in (*.docx) do cscript.exe //nologo PDF.js "%%X"

for %%X in (*.doc) do cscript.exe //nologo PDF.js "%%X"





Place all of your Microsoft Word documents in the same folder if they need to be converted to PDFs. 

It can have whatever name you like.

both PDF.js and PDF.bat will also in the same folder with those word files 



now run the bat file an stay a while




your all word docs will be save as PDF with one single click








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Mount CIFS Share

Mounting a remote Windows share via CIFS is similar to mounting regular file systems. Follow the steps below to mount a CIFS share on Linux.

Step 1: Install CIFS Utilities Packages on Linux

The CIFS-Utils package provides the necessary utilities for mounting SMB/CIFS shares on a Linux system. The installation steps differ depending on which Linux distribution you are using.

For Debian-based systems:

First, update the local package repository to ensure the latest available package gets installed:

sudo apt update

Run the following command to install the CIFS-Utils package:

sudo apt install cifs-utils -y

For RHEL-based systems:

First, update the system repository:

yum update

Next, install the CIFS-Utils package by running the following command:

yum install cifs-utils

For Fedora:

Run the following command to update the package repository:

sudo dnf update

Install CIFS-Utils by running:

sudo dnf install cifs-utils

After the package installs, move on to the next section to create a mount point for the Windows share.

Step 2: Create a Directory to Mount Windows Share

To mount the Windows Share, create a directory on the Linux machine to act as a mount point for Windows Share. You can create this directory anywhere you want.

For this tutorial, we'll create a directory named winshare in the /mnt directory:

sudo mkdir /mnt/winshare

Step 3: Mount a CIFS Windows Share

After creating a directory, mount the Windows share. Use the following syntax:

sudo mount -t cifs //[IP_Address]/[share_name] /mnt/winshare -o username=[username]

Replace the [IP_Address], [share_name], and [username] with your details.

When prompted, enter your password and hit Enter.






After running the command and mounting the share, you should be able to access it from 

the /mnt/winshare directory on your Linux machine. 

Use the cd command to move to that directory and list the contents using ls




If you don't have access to the share, check if it is mounted correctly by running:

df -h 




If the share is correctly mounted, 

the output shows an entry for the remote Windows share 

and its mounted location on your Linux system.

Note: Check out our tutorial for mounting remote file systems over SSH.


Step 4: Make the Windows Share Automatically Mount at Boot

Make the Windows share mount automatically at boot to avoid mounting it after each system reboot. 

To do so, edit the /etc/fstab file using a Linux text editor. In this tutorial, we will use nano.

Follow the steps below:

1. Store your login credentials in a separate file for security reasons. Use this command to create a new file:

sudo nano /etc/cifs-credentials

2. Add your username and password to the file using the following format:

username=[username]

password=[password]

Replace [username] and [password] with your credentials.

Save and close the file.

3. Change the file permissions to prevent unauthorized changes or access:

sudo chmod 600 /etc/cifs-credentials

4. Open the /etc/fstab file:

sudo nano /etc/fstab

5. Add the following line at the end of the file:

//[IP_address]/[share_name] /mnt/winshare cifs credentials=/etc/cifs-credentials 0 0

Replace [IP_address] and [share_name] with your information.

Save and close the file. Your Windows share will now automatically mount when the system boots.


How to Unmount CIFS Windows Share

Unmount the Windows share from your Linux machine with the umount command:

sudo umount /mnt/winshare

The command unmounts the Windows share from the /mnt/winshare directory. If you used a different directory as the mount point during setup, specify that directory in the command.

If errors arise when unmounting the share, it may be because a user is currently accessing the share or a file is open.

Force unmount the share by running the following command:

sudo umount -f /mnt/winshare

The -f (--force) flag force unmounts the share from your system.

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DNS Cache Flush

Lets see how to flush dns on Windows

if you are using Microsoft Windows this is the way to flush DNS cache 

you need to run as administrator when executing the command prompt


1.Press Windows+R keys and click Run.

2.Type cmd to open the Windows command prompt 

3.Type ipconfig /flushdns in command prompt and press enter.

4.after that trype ipconfig /renew

5.restart your computer 


that's it :D


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What is SIP trunking

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